Thyroid problems are frequently encountered during pregnancy and the postpartum period. It is the second most prevalent endocrine disorder that affects women of reproductive age, following diabetes. If they are not properly assessed and treated, the majority of these diseases might have negative effects on the mother and fetus.
What Is Thyroid Gland?
The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck, just below the Adam's apple. It produces hormones that regulate metabolism, growth, and development in the body. These hormones are essential for maintaining healthy brain function, body temperature, heart rate, and weight.
Thyroid hormones play a critical role in the development of the fetus, particularly in the first trimester of pregnancy. The fetal thyroid gland does not begin to function until around the 12th week of pregnancy. Until then, the fetus relies entirely on the mother's thyroid hormones to support its growth and development.
Thyroid disorders and pregnancy
Hypothyroidism: Hypothyroidism occurs when the thyroid gland doesn't produce enough thyroid hormones. The imbalance in thyroid hormones leads to thyroid symptoms including fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance, constipation, and dry skin. Hypothyroidism during pregnancy has been linked to adverse outcomes, including miscarriage, preterm delivery, and developmental delays in the fetus.
Hyperthyroidism: Hyperthyroidism, on the other hand, occurs when the thyroid gland produces too much thyroid hormone. Symptoms of hyperthyroidism include weight loss, rapid heartbeat, anxiety, and heat intolerance. Hyperthyroidism during pregnancy has been associated with preterm delivery, low birth weight, and preeclampsia.
Diagnosis of Thyroid Issues
Except in cases where you have a history of thyroid or endocrine issues or one of you senses a problem, your doctor will not frequently check your thyroid disorders until you have a history. If so, he will perform a physical examination and provide orders for blood testing to check your thyroid hormone levels.
Thyroid Treatment During Pregnancy
Pregnancy-related mild hyperthyroidism does not require any treatment. Anti-thyroid drugs are used to treat more severe cases because they stop the thyroid from overproducing hormones. In order to prevent hypothyroidism in the unborn child, your doctor will prescribe the lowest effective amount.
Rarely, some female patients may require surgery to have part of their thyroid removed. Usually, this is carried out during the second trimester.
You'll receive thyroid hormone replacement therapy if hypothyroidism is determined to be your condition.
Also Read: Know Thyroid Antibodies
Managing Thyroid Health During Pregnancy
Managing thyroid problems and health is essential for ensuring a healthy pregnancy and a healthy baby. Here are some tips for managing thyroid health during pregnancy:
Get regular check-ups: It's important to get regular check-ups with your healthcare provider during pregnancy to monitor your thyroid function. Your healthcare provider may order blood tests to check your thyroid hormone levels and adjust your medication if necessary.
Take medication as prescribed: If you have a thyroid disorder, your healthcare provider may prescribe medication to help regulate your thyroid hormone levels. It's essential to take your medication as prescribed and not make any changes to your medication regimen without consulting your healthcare provider.
Eat a healthy diet: A healthy diet is essential during pregnancy, including for thyroid health. Eating a balanced diet with plenty of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean protein can help support thyroid function. In order to get the majority of the nutrients essential for thyroid function, experts also advise pregnant women to maintain a balanced diet and take a prenatal multivitamin and mineral supplement containing iodine.
Manage stress: Stress can have a significant impact on thyroid function. Finding ways to manage stress, such as through exercise, meditation, or counseling, can help support thyroid health during pregnancy.
Avoid iodine supplements: While iodine is essential for thyroid function, taking iodine supplements during pregnancy can be harmful. It's best to get iodine from food sources, such as seafood and iodized salt, and to avoid taking supplements without consulting your healthcare provider.
Talk to your healthcare provider about your family history: If you have a family history of thyroid disorders, it's essential to talk to your healthcare provider about it. Your healthcare provider may recommend additional testing or monitoring during pregnancy to ensure the health of both you and your baby.
In conclusion, maintaining good thyroid health is crucial during pregnancy. If you have a thyroid disorder, it's important to work closely with your healthcare provider to manage your condition to ensure a healthy pregnancy and a healthy baby.
Agilus Diagnostics, a subsidiary of Fortis Healthcare Limited
