As per reports, around 400 million dengue infections occur worldwide each year, with about 96 million resulting in the disease. The majority of instances happen in tropical regions of the world, with Southeast Asia, Southern China and the Indian subcontinent having the highest risks.
In this guide, we will explore the symptoms, causes, and treatments associated with dengue fever.
What Is Dengue Fever?
Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne viral infection that is transmitted through the bite of infected Aedes mosquitoes, primarily Aedes aegypti. A mosquito gets infected when it bites a victim who has the dengue virus in their blood and can spread the infection to other family members in your home.
Symptoms of Dengue Fever
Dengue fever symptoms may vary from mild to severe. The common signs include:
- High fever (typically lasting 2 to 7 days)
- Severe headache
- Pain behind the eyes
- Muscle and joint pain
- Fatigue and weakness
- Nausea and vomiting
- Skin rash
In some cases, dengue fever can progress to a severe form known as dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) or dengue shock syndrome (DSS), characterized by bleeding, organ impairment, and low platelet count. These severe forms of dengue fever require immediate medical attention.
Diagnosing Dengue Fever
Diagnosing dengue fever involves a combination of clinical evaluation and laboratory tests. Doctors may assess the patient's symptoms, medical history, and perform blood tests to detect the presence of the dengue virus or antibodies. Early detection is essential for appropriate management and to prevent the progression of severe forms of the disease. Two main types of dengue fever tests are:
Antibody tests: Blood sample test for antibodies, which are proteins produced by your immune system to combat viruses and other pathogens. To fight dengue, your body requires time to produce particular antibodies. Therefore, these tests are most accurate when performed four days or more following the onset of your symptoms.
Molecular tests: A molecular test called a PCR (polymerase chain reaction) is performed to look for dengue in the blood sample. In the first week following the onset of your symptoms, you can have these tests done.
Treatment of Dengue Fever
Currently, there is no specific antiviral dengue fever treatment. Medical care focuses on relieving symptoms, managing complications, and ensuring adequate fluid intake to prevent dehydration. Pain relievers, such as acetaminophen, are commonly used to alleviate fever and muscle/joint pain. It is important to avoid non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and aspirin, as they can worsen bleeding. In severe cases, hospitalization may be required for close monitoring and supportive care, such as intravenous fluid administration and blood transfusions if necessary.
Also Read – Pneumonia Fever – Symptoms, Stages, Causes, Treatment, Vaccine
Prevention and Control
Dengue fever prevention primarily involves reducing mosquito breeding sites and protecting oneself from mosquito bites. Effective preventive measures include:
- Eliminating stagnant water sources by regularly cleaning containers that can collect water.
- Using mosquito repellents containing DEET (N, N-Diethyl-meta-toluamide), picaridin, or IR3535 on exposed skin and clothing.
- Wearing long-sleeved shirts, long pants, and socks to minimize skin exposure.
- Installing window and door screens to prevent mosquitoes from entering living spaces.
- Sleeping under bed nets, especially during daytime when Aedes mosquitoes are most active.
- Community efforts to promote cleanliness, proper waste management, and insecticide spraying in high-risk areas.
- Talk to your doctor if you notice dengue fever symptoms.
The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared dengue as a major public health concern. Efforts are being made to raise awareness, improve diagnostic capabilities, and enhance vector control measures to combat the spread of dengue.
Dengue fever can be fatal, hence, be more cautious in your efforts to keep mosquitoes away from yourself and other family members
Agilus Diagnostics, a subsidiary of Fortis Healthcare Limited
