CELIAC TISSUE BIOPSY PLUS

This is an enhanced diagnostic evaluation for celiac disease involving histological examination of small intestine tissue obtained via endoscopy. The “plus” refers to additional testing like immunohistochemistry or molecular testing for more accurate diagnosis or evaluation of complications.

It is typically performed in patients with positive serologic tests (like anti-tTG antibodies) and symptoms suggestive of celiac disease such as chronic diarrhea, weight loss, or malabsorption. It may also be used when symptoms persist despite a gluten-free diet or when complications like refractory celiac disease are suspected.

A gastroenterologist performs an upper GI endoscopy to obtain tissue samples (biopsies) from the duodenum. These samples are then processed and examined under a microscope by a pathologist for characteristic findings such as villous atrophy and increased intraepithelial lymphocytes.

Additional tests may include CD3 immunostaining, T-cell receptor clonality studies, or HLA typing. These can help confirm the diagnosis, assess severity, or rule out complications such as lymphoma or refractory celiac disease.

If celiac disease is confirmed, a strict lifelong gluten-free diet is the main treatment. Nutritional counseling and monitoring for deficiencies are essential. In refractory or complex cases, further management by a gastroenterologist is advised.