Blood Urea Nitrogen (Bun) Test

The Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) test measures the level of urea nitrogen in the blood. It is an important test that gives a picture of how well the kidneys and liver are working.

Ammonia is a by-product produced by the liver when it breaks down proteins. Nitrogen from the ammonia combines with other elements to form urea, a waste product that travels from the liver to kidneys. Kidneys filter out the urea and is excreted through urine.

Why Blood Urea Nitrogen Test?

It is estimated that in India, diabetes and hypertension account for over 40-60% of chronic kidney disease. According to data from ICMR, the prevalence of diabetes in Indian adult population is over 7% and in urban settings this number goes as high as 28%. For overall health and well-being, vital parameters are regularly checked.

Who should get tested for Blood Urea Nitrogen test?

Your healthcare provider may order this test as part of your routine wellness checkup o if your doctor suspects that you may be suffering from kidney dysfunction. Symptoms of kidney disease include a loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting, swollen feet and ankles, swelling and puffiness around eyes, fatigue, change in urination levels and insomnia.

Kidney function is known to decline with age and therefore it is important to ensure that our diet and exercise plan promotes good health. It is also important to remember that prolonged use of over the count medications used without doctor consultations can cause adverse effects on the kidneys. The BUN test is often ordered along with other kidney function tests like creatinine, GFR test etc. the BUN levels may also be elevated in urinary tract obstruction, dehydration, shock, high protein diet, antibiotic medicines, gastrointestinal bleeding or a recent heart attack.

Reference Values

Results of the blood urea nitrogen test are measured in milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL). Normal ranges may vary according to age. Overall, values between 6-20 mg/dL is considered normal.

Interpretation:

Your healthcare provider will help you interpret the report basis your medical history. If your BUN level is abnormal, your doctor may order more tests to understand the cause of kidney problems.