Anti-Aquaporin-4 (NMO) MOG Panel

What is Anti-Aquaporin4 (NMO-MOG) test?

The Anti-Aquaporin4 (NMO-MOG) test a combined antibody test that looks for AQP4-IgG and MOG-IgG autoantibodies in blood (and sometimes CSF) to help diagnose neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and MOG antibody–associated disease (MOGAD), and to distinguish them from multiple sclerosis and other causes of optic neuritis and myelitis.

Why consider Anti-Aquaporin4 (NMO-MOG) test?

This test can be recommended for below conditions:

• Distinguishing NMOSD (AQP4‑IgG positive) from MS is critical because relapse prevention and acute treatments differ.
• Identifying MOG‑IgG supports a diagnosis of MOGAD and guides therapy as 2023 MOGAD criteria emphasize accurate timing and interpretation of serology alongside supportive clinical/MRI features to optimize specificity and reduce false positives.
• In cohorts with optic neuritis, simultaneous screening shows that MOG‑IgG positivity can be more frequent than AQP4‑IgG, underscoring the value of a combined panel when clinical features overlap.

Who should get this Anti-Aquaporin4 (NMO-MOG) test?

Patients with core demyelinating syndromes such as optic neuritis (especially severe/recurrent or bilateral), acute myelitis (particularly longitudinally extensive lesions), area postrema syndrome (intractable hiccups/vomiting), or characteristic brain/brainstem/diencephalic/cerebral presentations suggestive of NMOSD or MOGAD

More Information - Anti-Aquaporin4 (NMO-MOG) test

Other Names: NMO MOG Test, Neuromyelitis Test, NMOSD, Anti-Aquaporin4, NMO antibody, MOG antibody

Neuromyelitis, most referenced in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), is an autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system that primarily inflames the optic nerves and spinal cord, often causing vision loss, weakness, numbness, and bladder/bowel symptoms distinct from multiple sclerosis. NMOSD is frequently associated with antibodies against aquaporin‑4 (AQP4‑IgG), and some related cases involve MOG‑IgG antibodies, guiding diagnosis and treatment choices.