PRENATAL DIAGNOSIS - AMNIOTIC FLUID, KARYOTYPING

This genetic test analyzes the chromosomes present in fetal cells obtained from the amniotic fluid to detect chromosomal abnormalities such as Down syndrome, Turner syndrome, and other genetic disorders.

It is recommended for pregnant women at higher risk of chromosomal abnormalities due to advanced maternal age, a history of genetic disorders, or abnormal prenatal screening results.

A procedure called amniocentesis is performed, where a small amount of amniotic fluid is extracted from the womb using a thin needle. The fetal cells in the fluid are then cultured and analyzed under a microscope to examine their chromosomal structure.

A normal result means the fetus has the expected number of chromosomes without structural abnormalities. An abnormal result may indicate genetic disorders, which require further consultation with a genetic counselor or specialist to discuss possible outcomes and management options.

Amniocentesis carries a small risk of complications such as infection, bleeding, or miscarriage. The decision to undergo this test should be made after discussing the benefits and risks with a healthcare provider.