Anti-Phospholipase A2 Receptor (PlA2R)

What is Anti-Phospholipase A2 Receptor (PLA2R) test?

Phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) is a transmembrane protein expressed on podocytes within the glomeruli of the kidney, structures responsible for blood filtration. The PLA2R antibody qualitative assay designed to detect circulating autoantibodies targeting PLA2R. The presence of these antibodies is highly specific for primary membranous nephropathy (PMN) and therefore aids in its diagnosis and clinical management.

Why consider Anti-Phospholipase A2 Receptor (PLA2R) test?

Anti-Phospholipase A2 Receptor (PLA2R) test can be used to identify whether a specific autoantibody is present in a patient with biopsy proven membranous nephropathy or in a patient without a renal biopsy but with a clinical picture consistent with membranous nephropathy.

Differentiate primary from secondary causes of nephrotic syndrome: Positive anti‑PLA2R strongly favors primary MN over secondary forms, which are usually seronegative.

Who should get this ANTI-PHOSPHOLIPASE A2 RECEPTOR (PLA2R) I Test?

• Adults with nephrotic syndrome or unexplained heavy proteinuria where MN is suspected, to help confirm primary MN and potentially avoid biopsy in appropriate contexts.
• Patients with biopsy‑proven MN to establish serologic status, baseline titer, and for longitudinal monitoring of treatment response or relapse.
• Individuals being evaluated to distinguish primary MN from secondary nephrotic syndromes (e.g., autoimmune, infectious, drug‑induced), where anti‑PLA2R positivity strongly supports primary MN.

More Information

Other Names - PLA2R antibody, phospholipase A2 receptor

Antibodies to the phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) occur in 70% to 80% of patients. Less frequently (in up to 10%), antibodies against thrombospondin type-1 domain-containing 7A (THSD7A) are determined. The detection of antibodies in serum is crucial for the diagnosis of pMN and may make a kidney biopsy unnecessary. In addition, disease activity and therapy response can be monitored by the measurement of the autoantibodies.