DHEA-S (Dehydroepiandrosterone)

About the Test

The Dehydroepiandrosterone-S test measures the concentration of DHEA-S, a sulfated steroid hormone predominantly produced by the adrenal cortex. It serves as a precursor for androgen and estrogen synthesis and plays a significant role in endocrine balance.

DHEA-S is unique compared to other androgens due to its stability and long half-life, making it a reliable marker of adrenal androgen production. Unlike testosterone, which may fluctuate throughout the day, DHEA-S levels remain relatively constant, providing a consistent indicator of adrenal function. The Dehydroepiandrosterone-S test is widely used in evaluating disorders related to androgen excess or deficiency and is particularly helpful in differentiating adrenal from ovarian sources of androgen production.

Why Consider This Test?

The Dehydroepiandrosterone-S test is essential in diagnosing conditions associated with abnormal androgen levels.

Elevated Levels May Indicate

• Adrenal tumors (benign or malignant)
• Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH)
• Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
• Adrenal hyperactivity

Decreased Levels May Indicate

• Adrenal insufficiency
• Hypopituitarism
• Aging-related decline

Clinically, the Dehydroepiandrosterone-S test is particularly valuable when evaluating women with signs of androgen excess, as it helps determine whether the source is adrenal or ovarian.

Who Should Get This Test Done?

Common Indications

• Women with:
• Hirsutism
• Acne
• Irregular menstrual cycles
• Patients with suspected adrenal disorders
• Individuals with unexplained infertility

Additional Indications

• Children with:
• Early puberty
• Delayed sexual development
• Patients undergoing endocrine evaluation

More Information

Advantages of the Test

• Minimal diurnal variation
• Stable biomarker of adrenal androgen production
• Useful in differential diagnosis

Clinical Interpretation

• Must be correlated with:
• Testosterone levels
• Cortisol levels
• Clinical presentation

Important Considerations

• Age-related decline is normal
• Extremely high levels warrant imaging studies
• Often part of a broader hormonal panel