Tissue Transglutaminase IgA (tTG-IgA)

The Tissue Transglutaminase IgA (tTG IgA) test is a blood test used to detect antibodies that indicate an immune reaction to gluten. Elevated levels of tTG IgA are commonly associated with celiac disease, an autoimmune disorder where the ingestion of gluten damages the small intestine. The test measures the IgA antibodies that react against the enzyme tissue transglutaminase, which is present in the intestinal lining and plays a role in the development of the disease.

Why consider this test?

This test is important because it helps diagnose celiac disease, which can go undiagnosed for many years, leading to malabsorption of nutrients and increased risk for other autoimmune diseases, infertility, and even certain cancers. The tTG IgA test is considered one of the most reliable tests for diagnosing celiac disease, particularly in individuals who have symptoms like chronic diarrhea, weight loss, fatigue, bloating, or unexplained nutrient deficiencies.

Who should get this test done?

• People with gastrointestinal symptoms such as persistent diarrhea, abdominal pain, bloating, and flatulence, which may be caused by gluten intolerance or celiac disease.
• Individuals with unexplained weight loss or nutrient deficiencies, including iron-deficiency anemia, which could be related to malabsorption in celiac disease.
• Those with a family history of celiac disease, as genetics play a significant role in susceptibility.
• People with autoimmune conditions such as type 1 diabetes, autoimmune thyroid disease, or rheumatoid arthritis, as they have a higher risk of developing celiac disease.
• Anyone who has been diagnosed with other digestive disorders, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and suspects gluten may be contributing to their symptoms.

More Information

The tTG IgA test is highly sensitive for detecting celiac disease, particularly in individuals who have not yet started a gluten-free diet. It’s often combined with other tests, including genetic testing and an intestinal biopsy, for a definitive diagnosis. If you have a positive result, your doctor may suggest eliminating gluten from your diet and undergoing follow-up testing to monitor your condition.